2.
   2021
/  

(  )
: 2     :70
:    -    ,        
             
:              
            
  
1.            
2.            '    
 
3.        
4.    ?           
5.         
6.          
2.
7.   -    ?      
8.             
   2021
/  

(  )
: 2     :70
:              
            
  
1.            
: 
       ,  
 "  "   
   -      , , , , , ,
 ,  "   "    ,      
,   -    ,     , 
     -   
      
         ,      
                

   -   
2.
          
   ,  
  , ,           
  -  -  -   ,     -
      - 
-   ,  - 

 
  ',            :
1.     (  )
  -  ,      ,    
   
;      '     300  600  
             ,    
               ,  
    
2.   
                  
      :
(   )
(   )
(   )
               " 
"   
3. - - 
- ,                   
 
  ,               
,      
   ,              

  -   
                 
       :

2.



 


 
  (  ')
 

     ,    ,     
  
 
    
1.     
     '     ,        
                 


        '     200  300   
        ,     
;   ,  -
 
 ,   -     
2. -  -    
  ,   -   -  -      
                
3.    -   
    ,      ,     '
  ,      ,         
        - ,        
    
4.      
        -     ,  
      ,               ,
   ' ""            
2.
             ,     
    
5. - 
     

 -  -  ,    

 ,    ,            ,
    ,         '    

  
    :
   
 -  
       
    '             , ,
,      '    ,     
    
    
  -                 
             
     , ,        
  ,    
       
   
     
:
1.    '     ,      ' 
  
2.       
 
3.              
4.  ,          
   
2.

 ,       '     ,    
, 
            ,  
                  
,  ,  -      -        
  ,   ,         
   ,             , 
           
2.            '    
 
:󷉍󷉎󷉓󷉏󷉐󷉑󷉒       
,   "  "   ,       
   ,              -
          ,     
               
        
 
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
       ,           
:
1.  (  )
      ,   40     

      ( )  
          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,          
  
2.  (  )
-      
 
2.

  -     
 ,     - 
 
      ,         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔              
3.  (  )
      
    ,     
             
4.  (  )
       ,         


     
            
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 :   ?
         ,   
       -     - 
     -     
    '       
 
 -  
 
     ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,       ,   
   
󼩺󼩻   '    
        :
1.   
           
 
        
 
-          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           
 
 
2.  
2.
   
 ,        
             

   ,     
 ,       
3.  
  
        
  '  
 
,         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
              
       
4. -

 ,    
  
 
      ,          
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:               
    
5.    
            
    
    
       
             ' 
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
              , 
        '        

 , 
  ,               , 
  '    ,          
   
  
       -    ' 
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       

  
   
2.

,  , >40°C
  

 - 
- 

,  
   

, 
 ,  

  , 
,  
 
󷇮󷇭 
        -  ,   
    ,        ,   

              
    '   ,       
      ,         
   
 -  , -          
3.        
: 
    ,  
       
  

         , , ,     
,               
 ,                ,  
      
         
               - 
     
    ,            '
    2011       , 
 2021   
     '  
    , 
     
   '  '  
 :   
                2011 
    ,      57-58%        
            
2.
    15
           
 
                 ,
   ,      
,  ,  
     
  -      :

 

 (  )     
 
         '      ,   
"  "  "   "         
   ,        -   , ,
      
:     
         ,   2011        
 38-39%               
       ,         
 
        
         
:
  
 

 
   :




      '   ,        
        
  ,    
 ,          ,    
 
2.
  :      '  
,        1.9-2% ,      
  1947      ,           
,      ,         
           
        ,        
 
         :
  
  
    
         '     ,  
  '             
   2021 ,         ,  
    
  
      1.2-1.3%        
  ,             
   ,      
 :
 (,    )
  (   )
 
 ,   , , ,      , 
    
  ,        
   
  
    ,       :
, ,       1%    
       
      
2.
-                  

    ,          
    
 ?
     
,           

  ,            ,
       :
    
 
-       
        
             ,   
    ,            - 
     

 ,       ,     
 
            ,   
          
 ,    , 
             
 :
-  ,        
                 
,
   
  -      
    
     ,  
 ,      
4.    ?           
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆 :     
1960            ,     
      ,   '        
2.
  -         
;     
  ,       
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   ?
  1960            
 ,  
            :
    -    (HYV) 
     
   
,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :             " 
 "  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
              
1.  
        
     -  
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 1970   ,       ,      
   
2.  
        
  ,      
     ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,     
3.   
    ,         

 ,          
4.  
2.
     ,   
  
     ,        
       
 
5.  
        
       
         
       
󼩺󼩻      
      ,         
  
1.   
            
        
                
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         
2.    
          '   
       '  
,              
3.     
     '    '   
,          
          
4.   
          
           
    " "      
5.  
     
        

2.
           
         
6.    
       
         
         
7.   ' 
       ,    '  

           
   ,         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
1960                 
,                
      ,        
,    ,    '   
  ,              
            '      
      ,           
       
        
  -      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
   
            ,   
                  
 
 :   ,  ,  
 :  ,   ,   , 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :       ""    - ,
- ,  
󷇮󷇭 
2.
                 ,
            ,  
             
            
       
        -  
 ,          '    

5.         
: 
      ,    , 
,           "  " ;  
       ,      
   ,  , , , , , ,    
             
      
 
             ,      
 ,        

  
--
          
     
    '    -     , , , ,
,        
  
    ,  
 ,            
  '         ,       
  
       ,       ,   
  ,           
     '     
       
1.  -   "  "
2.
             
 ,  
                 ,  
         "  "    
   
?
        :
      
    ,    , ,  ,  
    
       
          
     
     ?
   :
 , -,   
 
      
 
      
,  , ,  ,           
  ,  ,  -     
  
 
2.  -    
  ,              , 
     ,          

   
?
  '       
    
   ,        
     
    ?
2.
    :
    
 
  
    
     
     -        
        ,         
    
3.  -       
    '      ,        
           ,   :
 -

   
       
 ,     
  
       ,    
      
4.  , ,    
           
    ,   
    ,        
:
 



,     ,          
           ,    
       
 
2.
5.    
    ,       :
-      
-     
   -     
       ,     
 
   
     
          
 :
1.   
           ,    
   
2.   - 
     ,       
   
   
3.    
 ,     
        
             
4.     
           
  
5. 
            
     
      
         
 :
     
, ,          
       
 
       
2.
          '    

          ' , ,     
                ,
        ,       
        ,  ,  ,
          
6.          
:󷫿󷬀󷬁󷬄󷬅󷬆󷬇󷬈󷬉󷬊󷬋󷬂󷬃  :   
,   "  "    ,     
          '  ,   - 
 ,      ,    ,    -
       ,        
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1. - 
           
 ,   ,  ,       -
  
 ,      󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
 ,      -   
2. -   
  MSME  (,    )   
          "  " 
 
2.
         ,    '  
 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       -  
 
3.  
  
 :
  95%     
    85%
    75% 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
    
4.    
       
          󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
        
5.  
  ,          
            
 
6. - 
     :
: , ,  
:   , 
: , 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
 
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃    
   ,           

1.  '   
   - 
      -   

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           
2.     
2.
              
        
3.    
          
       󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
     
4.   
,            
 
-              
 
5.    
,          
               
 
6.    
          
       
 
7.    
         
 
       
8.    
    '    
         (FDI)󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
  
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                 
                 
 ,     ,      ,   
          
      
2.
          
  -   
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
     
 :
:- , MSME,  ,  
:  ,      ,  , 

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    ,  ,         

󷇮󷇭 
           ,    
      ,  '   ,   
,               
 
            '   
-             ..,
              
                

7.   -    ?      
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆-:   
  
 
     ,  
  ,     
 
 
 , ,  , , -,  , ,
            '  
 
  '       ,    '     
  ,     ,     
  ',          :
󷄧󷄫󷄧󷄬󷄧󷄭󷄧󷄮  ()
2.
      , , -  , ,  
        -      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼1.  -      
        ""  ""   ,   
  
         
󹵝󹵟󹵞 
,  , , 
󽇐 
󺫼󺫽󺫾󺫿󺬀󺬁󺬂   
        
    (  ) -
      -           
 
 
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶 
   '           , 
      ,          
    
󺅗󺅘󺅙󺅚  -  
      /      ()   ,   
         
󷔬󷔭󷔮󷔯󷔰󷔱󷔴󷔵󷔶󷔷󷔲󷔳󷔸 
 ,  ,  -,  ,    
     
           - ,     
󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆2.  -       
2.
" "          ( - ,  - )   
     
󹵝󹵟󹵞 
,  , ,  (   )
󽇐 
󷇮󷇭    
       
      
 : 
     ,            ,
  ,          
󺅗󺅘󺅙󺅚 
       ,           
 
󷖤󷖥󷖦  
     : •       ( 
 ) •   
󷙣󷙤󷙥  
,   ,  ,    ' ,   
   
       '       ,  
    
󷊷󷊸󷊺󷊹3.  -       '  
           ',      
    
󹵝󹵟󹵞 
2.
, ,  , , , , ,  , ,
 , 
󽇐 
󺅗󺅘󺅙󺅚 
         ,   ,   
         
󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸖󷸕  
      : •     
 ( ) •    
󷘧󷘨 
    :
 
       
󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆  
       '   ,    -  
  "  "
 , ,     '   
 
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌4.  () -    
             ,      
           
󹵝󹵟󹵞 
 (), ,     ,  ,      (,
),     
󽇐 
󺅗󺅘󺅙󺅚 
       ,            
2.
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶    
       : •       
   
󷊋󷊊  
  ,         
  
  
   
          ,      -
  
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸:  ,   
  , ,        ,      
    
 ;   ,        
       
     
     
      
   ,   
   
 
  ,      
8.             
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆          
  "   "    ,    , - 
                  
,            
       ,           
 ,             '  
 
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸 :    
2.
       ,   , ,   , ,  
                
󷊆󷊇   
1.   
o  1960  70         ' 
o      -      '
 
o       
2.  
o        
o      ,       
o ,          
3.   
o           
o    ,        '  
  
4. 
o          
o             
 ,      " "   
o         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             
  
󷫿󷬀󷬁󷬄󷬅󷬆󷬇󷬈󷬉󷬊󷬋󷬂󷬃   
1. :   
o      
o ,         
o ,  ,       
2.   
o  ,           
3.  
o            
o          
4.  
o "   "    
o            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,         
    
2.
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸 :    
        ,  ,     
             , 
  
        
󷊆󷊇   
1.  
o            
o          
2.  
o       
o ,       
o    ,        


3. 
o          
o      
 ,      
  '   
4. 
o      
o             

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      ,    '    
󷫿󷬀󷬁󷬄󷬅󷬆󷬇󷬈󷬉󷬊󷬋󷬂󷬃   
1. :    
o ,     
o , ,        
o     -        
2.   
o          ,     
    
o           
3.  
o -           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             ,    
       
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
2.
    -       
        ,       
    
         

,       
 ,             
        
        
           
        
 ,        ,
   ,    ,       
  
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    

 
 

, , ; ,  
, , ;  ,
 

 ,  ( ),
  ( )
 ,  
, 

 , 
 ,  ,
-

    ,  
,   
 ,  
󷇮󷇭 
          
  
      
 ,   
   
      
 ,   
     
  ,      
 :       
,               -
   ,      ,        

"              
 
       ,       
 "